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R. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P., IN

Abstract

Experiments on newer insecticides viz., imidacloprid @ 0.0045%, acetamiprid @0.004%, thiomethoxam @ 0.005%, abamectin @ 0.0009 %, fipronil @ 0.01%, thidicarb @ 0.075%, spinosad @ 0.0096 % and indoxacarb @ 0.006 % were carried out to test their efficacy against bud fly on linseed during Rabi 2008-09 and 2009-10. Results revealed that spinosad @ 0.0096 % gave significant lowest bud fly infestation i.e. 9.4 per cent with higher per cent reduction (80.2 per cent) over control. The highest yield (1889.6 kg/ ha) was obtained in spinosad @ 0.0096 % treated plot followed by thiomethoxam 0.005 % (1632.00 kg/ ha).

Keywords

Newer Insecticides, Dasyneura Lini, Linseed

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R. K. Pal ¹, R. A. Katiyar ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P., IN
2 Department of Seed Science and Technology, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P., IN

Abstract

The efficacy of some botanicals powder viz., Neem leaf powder (Azadirachta indica), soapnut powder (Sapindus trifoliatus), turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) @ 10 and 20 g/ kg seed, Vasambu rhizome powder (Achorus calamus) @ 5 and 10 g/ kg seed along with a chemical insecticide, Deltamethrin @ 40 mg /kg seed of moong were evaluated as post harvest grain protectants against pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis. Based on parameters like seed germination, seed moisture and insect infestation, Vasambu rhizome powder @ 10 g /kg seed and Deltamethrin @ 40 mg /kg seed were observed most effective against pulse beetle infesting moong bean up to twelve months of storage without deteriorating the viability of seed while Neem dry leaf powder, soapnut powder and turmeric powder were least effective.

Keywords

Bio Efficacy, Botanicals,callosobruchus Chinensis

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R. K. Dwivedi ¹, Akhilesh Tripathi ², R. K. Pal ¹, D. K. Singh ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, C.S. Azad University of Agriculture and Technical, Kanpur, U.P., IN
2 Department of Entomology, Kulbhaskar Ashram (P.G.) College, Allahabad, U.P., IN

Abstract

Brinjal shoot and fruit borer, Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee is a very serious insect of brinjal. During the present investigation, six insecticides were evaluated under field conditions. Regarding the efficacy of insecticides, Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 250 g a.i./ha proved most effective which was closely followed by Indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 50 g a.i./ha and Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 lit/ha. Maximum fruit yield (220.61 q/ha) was obtained by the treatment of Imidacloprid followed by Indoxacarb (217.88 q/ha) and Dimethoate (216.22 q/ha).

Keywords

Brinjal, Leucinodes Orbonalis, Ecofriendly Management

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R. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur, IN

Abstract

A large part of the world energy utilization is in transport sector of which an enormous amount of the energy expenditure is in the road transport only. Further, increase in road transport energy consumption is around three times higher as compared to energy consumption for non-road transport modes. The energy expenditure in transport sector can be reduced by improvement in the engine thermal efficiency. In the present work trials were performed on a diesel car at different speeds and atmospheric temperatures throughout the year. Higher engine thermal efficiency and mileage were obtained for April and from July to October. The highest values of the engine thermal efficiency and mileage were 37.93% and 24.75 km/litre respectively at speed 1580 rpm, torque 51 Nm and average atmospheric temperature of 297 K for the month of September. Lesser bsfc of the engine was obtained for the month of April and from July to October. The least value of bsfc was 0.218 kg/kWh at 1580 rpm, torque 51 Nm and average atmospheric temperature of 297 K for the month of September. The atmospheric temperature is more suitable in April and from July to October for a diesel car.

Keywords

Atmospheric Temperature, Speed, Torque, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption, Thermal Efficiency.

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R. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur (Pb.), IN

Abstract

The indoor air temperature becomes very high in summers and very low in winters in concrete houses making these uncomfortable to live in. So energy expenditure can be very high to make these houses comfortable to live in. The present work is an analysis of performance of mud houses in winters. Indoor air temperature was higher in case of the mud house than that in the concrete house for the months December to February. The maximum difference in indoor air temperature for a mud house is 1.79°C, 2.69 °C and 2.68°C in comparison to the concrete house for the month of December to February respectively. Savings in energy of the order of 175, 355 and 348 units of electric energy are obtainable for the month of December to February respectively. Savings in terms of money have a value of Rs. 875, 1775 and 1740 in December to February respectively. Total savings obtainable in terms of energy have a value of 878 units of electric energy and total savings in terms of money are of the order of Rs. 4390 for winter season from December to February for the mud houses. So the mud houses are to some extent more comfortable for living than the concrete houses in winters and there are also savings in the form of energy and money.

Keywords

Mud House, Solar Irradiation, Energy Savings, Indoor Air Temperature.

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R. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Panjab University SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur (Punjab), IN

Abstract

The consumption of energy is anticipated to increase due to rapid urbanization and increase in population. A huge amount of the total energy is consumed in space heating or cooling. Around half of total energy utilized in residential buildings goes in space heating or cooling. The present work is an attempt to find out the effect of mud walls and roof of a house on the solar heat gain and indoor room temperature. Lower value of the room air temperature was obtained in case of mud house in comparison to brick, cement-concrete house for the month of June. A maximum of 4.349°C temperature difference is obtainable in comparison to brick and cement-concrete house for the month of June. There are savings of energy and money by using mud houses. The energy savings are 427 units of electricity and money savings are Rs. 2136 for the month of June for mud house in comparison to red brick and cement-concrete house. So the mud houses have good thermal performance and are more suitable for living in comparison to brick and cement concrete house for the month of June.

Keywords

Mud House, Room Air Temperature, Solar Irradiation, Energy Efficient Buildings.

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R. K. Pal ¹

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Panjab University, SSG Regional Centre, Hoshiarpur, IN

Abstract

Milk cooling alone accounts for about 30% of the total energy costs of operating a dairy. Goats are browsing animals and are easier and cheaper to manage than cattle. The goats can be milked any number of time during the day, so there is no need to store the milk. Goats produce about 2% only of the world's total annual milk supply. The potential of savings is huge in terms of energy and money by increasing the production of goat milk. The value of savings of energy is from 376 - 1191 GWh/year for 50% production of goat milk of total milk supply in India. The value of money saved by producing 50% goat milk of total milk supply in India can be 1880 - 5995 million Rs/year.

Keywords

Milk, Goat Milk, Energy, Cooling.

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R. K. Pal ¹, N. V. Singh ¹, Ashis Maity ¹

Affiliations
1 ICAR-National Research Centre on Pomegranate, Solapur 413 255, IN

Abstract

In India, livelihood security of 70% of the farming community is dependent on success or failure of crops in drylands. Pomegranate is one of the most suitable horticultural crops that promises sustainable livelihood security in these regions due to its very high return on investment (ROI), and good performance in dryland areas with very low requirement of irrigation. Pomegranate fruits are in great demand in the domestic as well as export market.

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Ram Singh Umrao ¹, R. K. Pal ¹, D. K. Singh ²

Affiliations
1 Department of Entomology, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN
2 Oilseed Section, C.S.A. University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.), IN

Abstract

The foraging behaviour of honey bees viz., Apis dorsata, Apis florea, Apis cerana indica and Apis mellifera were recorded on mustard crop. The observations on visiting of honey bees showed that the neem product, achook was found least toxic to honey bees due to their higher visits i.e. 3.00, 4.33, 4.33, 6.33 and 6.66 per three minutes per sq. m area just after, after 24, 48, 72 hours and after 5 days of application followed by bioneem i.e. 2.00, 3.00, 3.66, 5.66 and 6.33 visits, respectively. Nimbicidine also provided 1.33, 2.33, 3.00, 5.33 and 5.66 visits of honey bees 3 minutes in one square metre area in comparison to rest of the treatments. While maximum visits were recorded in untreated plot i.e. 6.66, 7.00, 7.33, 8.00 and 7.33 visits. Thus, achook and bioneem were found safer to honey bees and recommended to the farmers for the control of aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) in mustard crop.

Keywords

Apis dorsata, Apis mellifera, Brassica juncea and Malathion.

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